Therefore, 2012/7/1 08:59:60 is processed as 2012/7/1 09:00:00, per the ISO 8601 format. This could potentially be one. So far, none have been of pandemic proportions, but databases have been messed up and commerce disrupted. GPS time started on the 1st January, 1980, and was accurate to UTC at this point. With these challenges in. A leap second is not a bug, and Unix systems cope with them perfectly fine. A leap year has 366 days (the extra day is the 29th of February) A year which is divisible by 4 is a leap year except, if it is divisible by 100 then we have to check it by dividing by 400. “The advance of a clock slows, but never stops. . To avoid a leap year, you would need to define the day such that there are an integer number of days in a year (i. All of the others were inserted at intervals of 12 to 30 months apart. I use leap second in my favour. . 22. The Second of Century (SOC) time of the leap second has been updated to 1435708799, which is the SOC of the leap second on June 30 2015, at 23:59:59 UTC. Date formatting is incorrect at the time of the start of the leap second. We might soon lose a full second of our lives. 8K Dec 15,19. The first leap second was introduced on June 30, 1972. Toshio Sako was really sneaky in writing Surpassing the Leader. tidal forces, earthquakes, hurricanes, etc. We need to stop it before something really bad happens! The good news is we can. Transformations between Time Systems. The Portal Fruit (Previously known as the Door Fruit) is a Legendary Natural-type Blox Fruit, that costs 1,900,000 or 2,000 from the Blox Fruit Dealer. If the Announce packets are marked as ARB timescale, by convention only, this means timestamps are in UTC. The proposal to suppress the leap second would have made continuous reference time-scale available for all modern electronic navigation and computerized systems to operate while eliminating the need for specialized ad hoc time systems. An atomic clock in Greenwich, U. History/origin: The term "minute" is derived from the Latin "pars minuta prima" which means the "first small part. Read reviews on the manga Usogui on MyAnimeList, the internet's largest manga database. It was devised as a way to align the international atomic time scale, in use since 1967 and derived from the vibration of. The leap second information is broadcast in the navigation message. The guy in the second to last chapter who bets his life on the draw of a card is Mr. Kakucho lashes out at Kisaki but is protected by Izana who pushes him aside and is shot in the chest thrice. 1 day ago · The WHO has requested detailed information from China regarding an increase in respiratory illnesses and clusters of pneumonia in children. He really forgor. 001 SI (TAI) seconds fit into a mean solar day. However, it unfortunately takes some time to get to that brilliance. RFC 8536 TZif February 2019 1. The solution arrived at was leap seconds: one-second corrections applied at the end of December and/or June on an ad hoc basis. At the leap second's inception, scientists added 10 of them; a further 27 have been tacked on in the years since. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1931, page 267. org. GPS is ahead by 1024 weeks. The problem with this approach is that the resulting timescale is discontinuous and ambiguous, since a reading during the leap is. So in Europe the leap second is inserted during night time, but e. 86 A lone article which is significant because it mentions the increasing occurrence of leap seconds and posits redefining the second. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment. Use the following leap year formula: Year /4 = Number. Wondering when was the last leap year?Hard-code system files for more various operating systems. March/April, 2007: Baku challenges National Liberation Front "Al Hibul" in Africa, West Darfur. The difference between TAI and UTC time scales (the accumulated number of leap seconds) as of the corresponding date. Taking risks is a part of human nature, and to gamble means to risk losing something important in the pursuit of obtaining something greater. k. One sidereal second is approximately 365. Unconvincing in most of its aspects, sometimes unwillingly funny, it could have been so much better if it were 10 times shorter. As of this writing (about 3 hours before the leap second) about 3463 servers in the pool system are announcing the leap second. 25 of a UT1 second. Sanz Subirana, J. Here is a tldr from a 4chan poster: Baku is the one who made the coincidence happen. What is a leap second? Is 2023 a Leap Year? No, 2023 is not a leap year. However, leap seconds have long been controversial. The leap second adjustments are intended to keep UTC roughly in sync with UT1. A leap second was added most recently on 30 June 2015 at 23:59:60 UTC. [DISC] Usogui Ch. It was also named the "millennium bug" because it was associated with the popular (rather. In a past timeline, he became a member of the motorbike gang Brahman. As each day has 24 hours, there are 8784 hours in a leap year in total. Since 1967, atomic clocks have counted precisely 9,192,631,770 of these time-units in every second. 1 A positive or negative leap-second should be the last second of a UTC month, but first preference should be given to the end of December and June, and second preference to the end of March and September. The following C program has been used to read the time and and determine if a leap second will occur:2. I drew Hachina. 9K Aug 25,19 Chapter 264: The Cursed Fools 27. Every few years, we give one day an extra second. The leap seconds we are interested in are the difference between the Global Positioning System (GPS) time and UTC and is called the GPS-UTC Offset. 14 A treatise on time measurement. a. 26 subscribers in the Usogui_TheLieEater community. His nickname is Usogui (literally The Lie Eater). GPS is NOT adjusted for leap seconds. As of 1 January 2017, TAI is ahead of UTC by 37 seconds. Learn more. It was updated on 15 May 2023 and 8 November 2023. The system of leap seconds was introduced in 1972, and so far, there have been 27 leap seconds. See next section for details. The leap second event field can be set to -1, 0 or 1. Technically, there can also be negative leap seconds, should UTC ever get more. If you haven’t gotten there, ignore the example please. On Hulu and Disney+, this season is considered apart of Season 2 as its second cour. g. Baku Madarame ( Ryusei Yokohama) is a mysterious gambler. Second Wind Cleave Avatar Dreadnaught On pull I use Drums, potion, Charge, Spell Reflect, pop all CDs and Single Target rotation while kicking second cast. 933 are not. A leap second entry consists of the following space-delimited information: The Gregorian calendar 4-digit year, abbreviated month name, and day of the date immediately following the leap second. 2022年までに実施された計27回の閏秒は、いずれも1秒. Leo. When the leap second flag is set to '1', the prediction record must notA leap second is a onesecond adjustment that is occasionally applied to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) in order to keep its time of day close to the mean solar time, or UT1. Leap seconds make up for the natural slowdown of the Earth's rotation (well, usually). In other words, for one minute of one hour of one day, the clock. This center is located at paris observatory. “The advance of a clock slows, but never stops. Leap second smearing at Meta. Adding a leap second every three years is only necessary if Earth spins at a rate such that 86,400. In that case, it's a leap year. Meet — wait for it — the leap minute. gitignore","contentType":"file"},{"name":"CONTRIBUTING","path. News -. ago. Ordinarily, this happens at the end of the last day of June or December; but, in principle, it could happen at the end of any month. This guide is an addition to my Ultimate SWTOR Beginners Guide. 1. He fearlessly battles fanatical opponents in high-stakes mental games without any fear of the dangerous consequences. , the timekeeping is effectively halted for a second. He fearlessly battles fanatical opponents in high-stakes mental games without any fear of the dangerous consequences. e. Leap Second is the only one-second video app you’ll ever need! Capture your favourite memories and showcase the finest moments of your life in style. But a lot of writers work backwards. A global group of scientists and government officials voted ( almost unanimously) Friday to axe the small time adjustment method, in a change. 001 SI (TAI) seconds fit into a mean solar day. mangadex. While UTC is aware of the occasional (and disputed [1]) insertion of a leap second, . A leap second can be added or subtracted to modern clocks to synchronise them with Earth's rotation. 閏秒 (うるうびょう、 英: leap second )は、現行の 協定世界時 (UTC) において、 世界時のUT1 との差を調整するために追加もしくは削除される 秒 である [1] [2] 。. But to secure the integrity of these life-threatening gambles, a violent and powerful organization by the name of "Kakerou" referees these games as a neutral party. 3 people are born, 1. , >> GPS0 = datetime(1980,1,6,0,0,0, 'TimeZone', 'UTCLeapSeconds') % GPS time 0. This troublesome extra second has been wreaking havoc since 1972, and now it faces oblivion. System administrators everywhere, especially at larger companies, will never know. In the next century we will need a leap second every year, often twice every year; and 2,500 years from now we will need a leap second every month. Compare this to UT1, which is the rotation of the earth with respect to the mean position of the sun. 00 UTCG”. but it was both hal and Baku. Draken is a muscular teenager who is exceptionally tall for his age. 8K subscribers in the Usogui community. 59. Array or table with TAI-UTC from leap seconds. Madarame Baku wins using the Leap Second which is added at 8:59:60 AM in Japan because Japan time is GMT+9. In fact, the only real problem is that Unix and Linux systems have a wide range of different ways of coping with them, according to taste. This parameter also controls whether internet resources will be queried to update the leap second table if the installed version is out of date. As a summary for further explanations, in Figure 1 can be seen a layout of the different time scales. k. Leap Seconds. e. leap second - a second (as measured by an atomic clock) added to or subtracted from Greenwich Mean Time in order to compensate for slowing in the Earth's rotation s , sec ,. Follow Bak Madarame a. WildBlue - plots of satellite internet performance. Tonight, at 23:59:59 on June 30, a leap second will be added to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). When a leap second occurs during a year it takes place at a specific time, either June 31 or December 31 at 23:59:60 GMT/UTC time. Add to our list of time/date. Japan announced the first main cast member, director, and February 2022 opening date for the live-action film of Toshio Sako 's Usogui ( The Lie Eater) manga on Friday. In both cases this happens at the end of the UTC day. Usogui has 558 translated chapters and translations of other chapters are in progress. In terms of power scaling I think the top tiers could be around A tier/low S in Kengan, with ridiculously fun fights like flicking bullets with your finger hard enough to crack reinforced glass or having two fighters punch a spinning egg midair or fighting a thousand metres in the air by. Adjust Leap Second Offset panel, allowing you to schedule the upcoming leap second. My favorite example is the “leap second”. A leap second can be added or subtracted to modern clocks to synchronise them with Earth's rotation. This so-called intercalary day, February 29, is commonly referred to as leap day. The only way to get this behavior is to invoke the . The Global Positioning System (GPS) Analysis Program produces high-quality estimates of polar motion and UT1-like variations, GPS satellite orbits, clocks for the tracking station and satellites, and other quantities from observations of the GPS satellites. Sano Hayato. Chapter 265: 10 Second Battle 26. Since then, there have been 18 leap seconds introduced, such that there is now an. If the file does not exist, is not valid, has expired, or is expiring soon, a. This periodic adjustment mainly benefits scientists. 5) Key personnel may want to consider postponing vacation time scheduled around the date of leap second insertion. It’s more a recognition that the disadvantages of the current leap second system are too high, and getting worse. Phasing out the leap second as late as 2035 leaves 13 years of possible tech trouble. Madarame Baku wins using the Leap Second which is added at 8:59:60 AM in Japan because Japan time is GMT+9. 41mas UT1-UTC= 10. The practice of adding ‘leap seconds’ to official clocks to keep them in sync with Earth’s rotation will be put on hold from 2035, the world’s foremost metrology body has decided. 23h 59m 60s. Differences between International Atomic Time. “Gintama - The last thing i saw from my left eye. When a leap second occurs during a year it takes. Alas it did in the form of the leap second. A 'successful failure': SpaceX's Starship achieves liftoff, loses contact mid-flight. You get a text from hachina saying 'i forgor :skull:' wyd. whether the clock appears to run slow or fast, or stop, or jump) depends on platform and configuration, so should not be relied on. "The Lie Eater") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Toshio Sako. We look for a file that expires more than 180 - auto_max_age after the present. 5K. k. Check out elderonn's anime and manga lists, stats, favorites and so much more on MyAnimeList, the largest online anime and manga database in the world! Join the online community, create your anime and manga list, read reviews, explore the forums, follow news, and so much more! Usogui lost on purpose in the first time playing Surpassing the Leader, so that he could make a huge comeback by obtaining the ownership of a bigger and stronger Kakerou (Abandoned Building) Baku uses the duration of the Protoporos match in his favor, making him able to use his Leap Second tactic in Surpassing the Leader (Protoporos) It’s from a manga called Usogui, it’s one of the most brilliant mind games manga ever written. UTC must be adjusted at irregular intervals to maintain its correlation to mean solar time due to. A leap second refers to the periodical addition of one second to the Coordinated Universal Time in order to keep clocks throughout the world synchronized with the Earth’s ever-slowing rotation. The calendar is a lunisolar tool based on a Metonic combination of the cycles. 2425 days in a year. A 2035 date was a compromise with other entities that wanted to move up the leap second removal, Tavella told AFP. Leaps were scheduled to ensure the timekeeping system we all use. The meaning of LEAP SECOND is an intercalary second added to Coordinated Universal Time to compensate for the slowing of the earth's rotation and keep Coordinated Universal Time in synchrony with solar time. The decision to introduce a leap second in UTC is the responsibility of the Earth Orientation Center of the International Earth Rotation and reference System Service (IERS). Today, June 30, will be approximately one second longer than usual, and official atomic timekeeping will factor in this second before turning over to July 1. The Colorado LEAP program is federally funded. Madarame Baku / Usogui. Google Public NTP makes this available globally to. UTC, which is used as the basis for official time-of-day radio broadcasts for civil time, is maintained using extremely precise atomic clocks. The Global Positioning System (GPS) epoch is January 6, 1980 and is synchronized to UTC. 2 A positive leap-second begins at 23h 59m 60s and ends at 0h 0m 0s of the first day of the following month. It. The 27th leap second will be introduced into the radio broadcast time scale that is currently known by the name UTC. USNO Series 14. 525. The first leap second was introduced on June 30, 1972. Stopping the adjustments is “a leap forward” for researchers who work on time and frequency, says Georgette Macdonald,. Usogui is a failure of a cross-over between Detective Conan (for the crazy enigma) and Baki (for the ridiculously-strong manly-men lame fighting). There is no clear boundary between the two. The "leap second bug" hit just as the web was recovering from a major outage to Amazon Web Services, an online operation that runs as much as 1 percent of the internet. leap definition: 1. 000 and UT1 was (approximately) 2010-12-27T10:59:59. This can be problematic when the leap second is inserted on weekends,News. 9 seconds. E. 9K Aug 25,19 Chapter 264: The Cursed Fools. USNO Leap Second Announcement. 9. Please do so! Thank you very much!!! Your art is awesome! The movie Usogui fan art you posted the other day was cool too :) always love seeing other Usogui fans! Athank you so much! More specific to usogui/Toshio is that it seems like he loves incorporating random small things that he’s learned (and taking them to the extreme). But. . The official leap second announcement. This year's 43rd issue of Shueisha 's Weekly Young Jump magazine revealed on Wednesday that Toshio Sako 's spinoff manga for his Usogui ( The Lie Eater) manga will debut in the magazine's. The year must be divisible by 4. MJD & GPS Calendar - Modified Julian Dates and GPS Week Numbers. The leap second: its history and possible futureA leap second is a second that is occasionally inserted (when) into UTC time in order to bring it into line with solar time (because the earth's rotation rate is slightly slowing). Photo: Getty. That's real situation in measuring time for someone who loves exactness. Japan's time zone is GMT+9 so it would occur during the 1th of January at 9. K. Configuration of leap seconds include two parameters: initial GPS-to-UTC offset (due to accumulated leap second events) and future leap second event. m. Leap Seconds Runtime State: Enabled: 1 Leap Second Count: 1 Leap Seconds Settings State: Enabled: 1 Leap Second Count: 0 Either a reboot is needed to sync up the state or the settings are invalid. 5 Years. If the device has calculated that its system clock loses time (perhaps there needs to be a frequency compensation from the. Usogui (The Lie Eater) as he gambles against maniacal opponents at games – such as Escape the Abandoned Building, Old Maid, and Hangman – to ultimately “out-gamble” and control the neutral organization of Kagerou itself. Both solar and lunisolar calendars with regional variations are used in India and the Indian subcontinent. 59 milliseconds less time. Microsoft plans to officially support "leap seconds" in Windows 10 and Windows Server editions, the company has revealed today. In the 1960s, Earth entered a period in which its spin slowed strongly, so that by the mid 1970s, a mean solar day lasted for 86,400. Get information on what the leap second bug is and how it may affect your systems. Leap second deletion will occur each day, so long as. The Confessions of St. " It is approximately equal to the period required for the Earth to complete a full rotation with. Support Role. In a typical second, 4. But to secure the integrity of these life-threatening gambles, a violent and powerful organization by the name of. A negative leap second would skip the UTC second labeled 23:59:59 of the last day of a chosen month so thatUltimately, if no change was made, the Sun would eventually appear overhead at 'midnight'. A leap second is an occasional 1-second adjustment to UTC. Japan began streaming a video featuring the opening scene from the live-action film of Toshio Sako 's Usogui ( The Lie Eater) manga on Friday. Zealousideal-Deal340 •. The second approach is to increment the system clock during the leap second and step the clock backward one second at the end of the leap second. It is a text-based format used by calendaring. The Global Positioning System (GPS) epoch is January 6, 1980 and is synchronized to UTC. Contact information. From what little I've read of Usogui, Kanoh gets crushed. But adopting the new policy has some complications, including Russian pressure for a delay. Min/max points: -999 to 999. The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. A leap second is an occasional 1-second adjustment to UTC. Follow Bak Madarame a. k. comment sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a CommentExpanding on the accepted answer by providing some more details possibly of interest. When the difference between the Earth rotation and atomic time becomes greater than 0. The C library has for decades promoted the idea that the tm_sec field of a tm structure can sometimes have the value 60. second has ever occurred, so the table below shows only an example of the positive leap second. Six months in advance of every leap second, the IERS sends out a. 00h 00m 00s (the beginning of the following date) So far, there have only been positive leap seconds. When atomic clocks were first made, the potential for more accurate definitions of time became possible. So, as far as metrologists (people who study measurement itself) are concerned, a single day is. The fact that the leap second is even necessary is thanks to two things: the invention of the very precise atomic clock and the fact that the earth does not always rotate at the same speed. For most people, a single second more or less doesn’t matter much. Premium Explore Gaming. Sidereal time is the measure of the earth's rotation with respect to distant celestial objects. 1988, 2008, 2012, 2016 etc. If a second (or hour) is removed, those times are skipped and apparent timestamps will jump forward. Do not leap in a voice (melodically) more than a P8. Posted by u/Top-Bad-145 - 17 votes and 1 comment Kiruma Souichi vs L Lawliet(Usogui vs Death Note) After I made the Madarame Baku vs Light Yagami matchup,I think this MU is also make sense. " The minute was originally defined as 1/60 of an hour (60 seconds), based on the average period of Earth's. 88 mas y= 233. Months have a variable (but repeatable pattern) for the number of days in a month, ranging from 28 to 31. Differences between International Atomic Time (TAI) and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) since 1961. (Source: Easy Going Scans) Volumes 12–15: Igyou Tobakusha Usokui Volume 25: Yakou-san. a. The historical list of leap seconds can be found here. On a serious note, the “devilishly happy” one was really good, probably souichi’s perfection, superorganism, “a savage, inhuman form”, and “a man of determination with nothing left to lose”. Olson right time provides a realization of UTC, with a SI second count since 1970 as a 32/64-bit value, that be converted to/from UTC even on a leap second. Neronero comes back for a "revenge", or maybe be a friend to Baku. It's a measure that's required to keep. Usogui (The Lie Eater) as he gambles against maniacal opponents at games – such as. ) UTC diverges from mean solar time or astronomical time. Check out my:Twitte. . If a leap second is inserted, the time in UTC is specified as 23:59:60. The leap second simply means the last minute of June had 61 seconds in it, one extra second. The "leap second" will be added at 6:59:59. to provide help…. Spamming: -50 points. Read Usogui for free on manganelo. Diligent_Medium8434 • 1 yr. If you received your LEAP application in the mail, please use the return envelope included to submit your application. Eastern Time. About One Second Every 1. Expiration days are thus generally at least 150 days after the present. Red Hat Training. Or check it out in the app stores Home; Popular The current difference between UTC and TAI is 37 seconds. As of 1 January 2017, TAI is ahead of UTC by 37 seconds. If you're curious about leap years since 2000 or want a leap year list from 2000, the tool provides all the details. In search of lost time: The leap second will soon become a thing of the past. Baku is the one who made the coincidence happen. If the ERFA leap seconds file was corrupted, it will be reset. 2020 /4 = 505 - 2020 is a leap year. Warner Bros. so many peaks. 9 seconds from the Universal Time (UT1), or Astronomical Time, clocks that are synched with UTC. The game was created and proposed by Yakou Hikoichi, who based it off the children's game of the same name. Skilled in Classroom Management, planning, curriculum alignment, dual language strategies, Preschool, Kindergarten trough third Grade instruction and Charter Schools. The Souichi in the final battle was one who lost his memory of what happened during the. You are reading Usogui manga, one of the most popular manga covering in Manga, Seinen, Mystery, Psychological genres, written by Sako toshio at ManhuaScan, a top manga site to offering for read manga online free. Geological events can make the intervals between leap seconds longer (if they slightly speed up the rotation) or shorter (if they slightly slow down the rotation) but the long-term trend is going to be increasingly frequent leap seconds. "You are beautiful" lalo on usogui, I think it was at this moment he realised. In summary, the introduction of negative leap seconds is not much different than the introduction of positive leap seconds. See verbose output for details. 4. When the SystemInformationClass parameter is SystemLeapSecondInformation, the buffer pointed to by the SystemInformation parameter should be large enough to hold an opaque SYSTEM_LEAP_SECOND_INFORMATION structure for use in enabling or disabling. The Global Positioning System (GPS) system uses GPS Time, which does not include these leap seconds. Usogui (which means the Lie Eater) is a Japanese movie based on Toshio Sako’s manga of the same name. 59. When a leap second was added in 2012, it caused substantial outages for sites like Foursquare, Reddit, LinkedIn, and Yelp. 9 s. Bulletin C is released about 10 days after a possible leap second is introduced, i. CGPM has decided to scrap the practice from 2035. Also 61 seconds for the minute including leap second, 60 minutes + 1 second for the hour including leap secont, 24 hours + 1 second for the day including leap second, 365 (for common year) or 366 (for leap year) days + 1 second for the year including leap second. To save Tokyo. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was derived by measuring the solar day, which is dependent on the Earth's rotation. /waf configure script from the NTP source code package with the --enable-leap-smear parameter before the executables are built. After you divide the year by 4, the obtained number should be an integer. Up to date leap-second table. The Global Positioning System (GPS) epoch is January 6, 1980 and is synchronized to UTC. The two people alternate between being the Dropper ("D") and the Checker ("C"). GPS is NOT adjusted for leap seconds. g. Hoptroff makes hyper-accurate wristwatches, using both mechatronic quartz (1 second per year accuracy) and atomic (1 second per millenium accuracy) movements. 0 2019-02 4 4 Signal Specifications 4. Get inspired by our community of talented artists. Introduction Time zone data typically consists of offsets from universal time (UT), daylight saving transition rules, one or more local time designations (acronyms or abbreviations), and optional leap-second adjustments. The leap second’s inventors envisaged that a digital clock displaying UTC, which would normally step from 23:59:59 to 00:00:00, would instead insert an additional 61st second, displayed as 23:59:60. At the end of the smear window, the entire leap second has been added, and we are back in sync with civil time. After starting the MBGPROTOSIM tool, you can configure a new NTP-Server in two steps as shown on the following figures 1 and 2. The manga was later adapted into original video animation, which was. There are some LEEP-related side effects, including: Cramping similar to that during menstruation. 9 seconds. Leap seconds account for the fact that over time, perfectly normal irregularities in the Earth's rotation cause the time according. There are 52 weeks and 2 days in a leap year. The Russians, for one. There are gamblers out there who even bet their lives as ante. g. The second approach is to increment the system clock during the leap second and step the clock backward one second at the end of the leap second. Since the 1970s, leap seconds have been used to ensure UTC remains close to UT1. 閏秒 (うるうびょう、 英: leap second )は、現行の 協定世界時 (UTC) において、 世界時のUT1 との差を調整するために追加もしくは削除される 秒 である [1] [2] 。. It ticks SI seconds, and ignores DST and leap seconds. Also mission data generally have ill-defined times, sometimes including leap. gitignore","path":". The Leap Second occurs simultaneously worldwide based on UTC day transition 30 June/1 July, irrespective of your local time zone. Lalo did not consider to flee the island the first time because he had not found the diamonds yet, and the second time he was blinded by his anger at Arata for holding his diamonds. , air-traffic control concepts entirely based on satellite navigation). Last night, a leap second has occurred, and I now have example readings using both of their methods running on several computers. With his sharp mind and cunning strategies, Baku aims to conquer Kakerou and outplay his deceptive rivals. Follow Baku Madarame a. There have been various proposals to abolish leap seconds, most recently from the ITU.